Bruna Alves
Research lead covering environment and sustainability
Detailed statistics
Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration 1959-2023
Detailed statistics
Projected temperature increase worldwide 2100, by scenario
Detailed statistics
Warmest years worldwide 1880-2023
Global greenhouse gas emissions 1970-2022
Annual greenhouse gas emissions worldwide from 1970 to 2022 (in billion metric tons of CO₂ equivalent)
Global increase in abundance of key greenhouse gases 1750-2022
Increase in global greenhouse gas abundance in 2022 relative to 1750, by gas
Annual global emissions of carbon dioxide 1940-2023
Annual carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions worldwide from 1940 to 2023 (in billion metric tons)
Annual methane emissions worldwide 1970-2022
Annual methane (CH4) emissions worldwide from 1970 to 2022 (in million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent)
Annual nitrous oxide emissions worldwide 1990-2021
Annual nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions worldwide from 1990 to 2021 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)
Global land and ocean temperature anomalies 1880-2023
Annual anomalies in global land and ocean surface temperature from 1880 to 2023, based on temperature departure (in degrees Celsius)
Global monthly land and ocean temperature anomalies 2016-2024
Monthly anomalies in land and ocean surface temperature worldwide from January 2016 to January 2024, based on temperature departure (in degrees Celsius)
Warmest years worldwide 1880-2023
The world's warmest years from 1880 to 2023, by deviation from the global average (in degrees Celsius)
Projected temperature increase worldwide 2100, by scenario
Global warming projections by 2100, by scenario (in degrees Celsius)
Future changes in frequency of semi-centennial temperature extremes 2021
Projected frequency of semi-centennial extreme temperature events worldwide due to global warming as of 2021
Future changes in frequency of decadal temperature extremes 2021
Projected frequency of decadal extreme temperature events worldwide due to global warming as of 2021
Global rise in temperature of warmest month in cities worldwide 2050
Temperature increase of warmest month worldwide in 2050, by select city (in degrees Celsius)
Climate risks in cities globally between 2020-2050
Leading climate hazards in cities worldwide between 2020 and 2050, by time period
Global sea ice extent per month 1980-2023
Average monthly global sea ice extent from January 1980 to June 2023 (in million square kilometers)
Maximum Arctic sea ice extent 1979-2023
Maximum Arctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2023 (in million square kilometers)
Change in ocean heat content worldwide 1955-2022
Change in ocean heat content worldwide from 1955 to 2022 (in 10²² joules)
Global mean sea level change 1993-2023
Mean sea level variation worldwide from 1993 to 2023 (in millimeters)
Average global ocean pH level 1985-2020
Average ocean pH level worldwide from 1985 to 2020
Northern Hemisphere's season duration 1952-2100
Duration of the four seasons in 1952 and 2011 in the Northern hemisphere, with estimates until 2100 (in days)
Dryland population exposure to droughts and desertification 2023, by warming scenario
Number of people exposed to water stress, heat stress, and desertification due to global warming as of 2023, by scenario (in billions)
Share of terrestrial species' high risk of extinction 2023, by warming scenario
Share of species at high risk of extinction across forests and land worldwide due to global warming as of 2023, by scenario
Projected internal climate migrants globally 2050, by region
Projected number of internal climate migrants displaced worldwide by 2050, by region and scenario (in millions)
Biggest climate disasters worldwide 1970-2019, by mortality
Leading weather, climate, and water related disasters between 1970 and 2019, by mortality (in 1,000s)
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